Television (TV), sometimes shortened to tele or telly, is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a television set, a television show, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports.
Television became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s, but it would still be several years before the new technology would be marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United Kingdom and United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion.[1] In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US and most other developed countries. The availability of multiple types of archival storage media such as Betamax and VHS tapes, high-capacity hard disk drives, DVDs, flash drives, high-definition Blu-ray Discs, and cloud digital video recorders has enabled viewers to watch pre-recorded material—such as movies—at home on their own time schedule. For many reasons, especially the convenience of remote retrieval, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud (such as the video on demand service by Netflix).
At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity. Another development was the move from standard-definition television (SDTV) (576i, with 576 interlaced lines of resolution and 480i) to high-definition television (HDTV), which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats: 1080p, 1080i and 720p. Since 2010, with the invention of smart television, Internet television has increased the availability of television programs and movies via the Internet through streaming video services such as Netflix, Amazon Video, iPlayer and Hulu.
In 2013, 79% of the world's households owned a television set.[2] The replacement of early bulky, high-voltage cathode ray tube (CRT) screen displays with compact, energy-efficient, flat-panel alternative technologies such as LCDs (both fluorescent-backlit and LED), OLED displays, and plasma displays was a hardware revolution that began with computer monitors in the late 1990s. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs. Major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s.[3][4] In the near future, LEDs are expected to be gradually replaced by OLEDs.[5] Also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s.[6][7][8] Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s.[9]
Television became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s, but it would still be several years before the new technology would be marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United Kingdom and United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion.[1] In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US and most other developed countries. The availability of multiple types of archival storage media such as Betamax and VHS tapes, high-capacity hard disk drives, DVDs, flash drives, high-definition Blu-ray Discs, and cloud digital video recorders has enabled viewers to watch pre-recorded material—such as movies—at home on their own time schedule. For many reasons, especially the convenience of remote retrieval, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud (such as the video on demand service by Netflix).
At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity. Another development was the move from standard-definition television (SDTV) (576i, with 576 interlaced lines of resolution and 480i) to high-definition television (HDTV), which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats: 1080p, 1080i and 720p. Since 2010, with the invention of smart television, Internet television has increased the availability of television programs and movies via the Internet through streaming video services such as Netflix, Amazon Video, iPlayer and Hulu.
In 2013, 79% of the world's households owned a television set.[2] The replacement of early bulky, high-voltage cathode ray tube (CRT) screen displays with compact, energy-efficient, flat-panel alternative technologies such as LCDs (both fluorescent-backlit and LED), OLED displays, and plasma displays was a hardware revolution that began with computer monitors in the late 1990s. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs. Major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s.[3][4] In the near future, LEDs are expected to be gradually replaced by OLEDs.[5] Also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s.[6][7][8] Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s.[9]
Sanskrit Essay on Television
दूरदर्शनम् - दूरदर्शन - टेलीविजन का उपयोग पर संस्कृत निबंध
इदानीं प्रपञ्चे वार्तादिकं ज्ञातुं, मनोरञ्जनार्थं, ज्ञानविकासार्थं च बहुविधानि साधनानि सन्ति । तेषु दूरदर्शनम्इति विद्युन्मानयन्त्रम् अपि अन्यतमम् । अयं दृश्यस्य श्रव्यस्य च माध्यमः इति कारणेन दूरदर्शनयन्त्रस्य प्रभावः अत्यधिकः । अतः दूरदर्शनं जनप्रियम् अस्ति ।
कथं कार्यं करोति इदं यन्त्रम् ?
ध्वनीनां प्रसारणे यत्सूत्रं तदेव चित्राणां प्रसारणेऽपि आधारीकृतम् । एकस्मात् निश्चितप्रदेशात् चित्राणां सम्प्रेषणम् अन्येषु प्रदेशेषु तेषां ग्रहणं च क्रियते । दर्शनीयः विषयः नाटकं, क्रीडा, समावेशो वा भवतु दूरदर्शनस्य छायाग्रहणयन्त्रमपि चलच्चित्रग्रहणयन्त्रमिव भवति । किन्तु तद्वत् वस्तुनः सम्पूर्णं चित्रं न गृह्णाति । चित्रं बहुसमानान्तररेखासु निरन्तरसन्निहितासु स्थानेषु खण्डयति । प्रतिरेखम् अनेके सूक्ष्माः कान्तबिन्दवः परस्परसन्निहिताः विद्यन्ते । एते कान्तबिन्दवः प्रबलदुर्बलविद्युत्प्रवाहरूपेण परिवर्तनं प्राप्नुवन्ति । एते च विद्युत्प्रवाहाः विद्युदयस्कान्तरङ्गाः भूत्वा समुन्नतशिखराग्रे निर्मितात् सम्प्रेषणोपकरणात् अन्तरिक्षे विमुक्ताः भवन्ति । द्वितीयस्तरे आकाशे विमुक्ताः विद्युदयस्कान्ततरङ्गाः सर्वतः प्रयाणं कुर्वन्तः दूरदर्शनेषु विद्यमानैः ग्रहणसाधनैः आकृष्टाः भवन्ति । ततः एते तरङ्गाः प्रबलदुर्बलविद्युत्प्रवाहरूपेण परिवर्तनं प्राप्य कस्याश्चित् विशिष्टतन्त्र्याः द्वारेण दूरदर्शनं प्रति नीताः भवन्ति । दूरदर्शनयन्त्रम् इमान् विद्युत्प्रवाहान् काभिश्चित् पद्धतीभिः समीकृत्य "केथोड्-किरणनालिका", "विद्युदणुप्रक्षेपकम्" इत्यनयोः साहाय्येन कान्तबिन्दून् करोति । दूरदर्शनस्य यवनिकायाः अन्यः भागः प्लोरोस्सेण्ट् सामग्रीनिर्मितैः बिन्दुसहस्रैः आवृतः भवति । यदा एषा सामग्री विद्युदणुभिः सारिता भवति तदा कान्तिः बहिर्गता भवति । एते कान्तिबिन्दवः तावता वेगेन प्रत्यक्षीभवन्ति, येन वयं दूरदर्शनस्य यवनिकायां सम्पूर्णं चित्रं द्रष्टुं शक्नुमः । ध्वनिवाहको भागः संस्कृतो भूत्वा दूरश्रवणयन्त्रं प्रापितो भवति । एवं प्रसारणकेन्द्रे उपादितं ध्वनिमपि चित्रदर्शनसमये एव शृणुमः ।
दूरदर्शनतः लाभाः
दूरदर्शनस्य कार्यक्रमाः केचन शैक्षणिकाः, पुनः केचन मनोरञ्जकाः, अन्ये केचन व्यक्तिदेशादिपरिचायकाः, इतरे केचन इतिवृत्तात्मकाः । दूरदर्शनं क्रीडादीनां प्रत्यक्षविवरणम् अपि प्रसारयति । इदानीं दूरदर्शनकार्यक्रमाः उपग्रहसाहाय्येन प्रसार्यन्ते । अतः देशस्य कोणे कुत्रचित् प्रवृत्ता अपि घटना घण्टाभ्यन्तरे समग्रेण देशेन ज्ञायते । एवम् अतिशीघ्रतया वार्तां प्रसारयति दूरदर्शनम् । वार्तां ज्ञातुं मनोरञ्जनं प्राप्तुं च यथा, तथैव ज्ञानवर्धनार्थम् अपि दूरदर्शनं सहायकं भवति । बालाः, तरुणाः, वृद्धाः इत्यादयः सर्वे इतः ज्ञानवर्धनं प्राप्तुम् अर्हन्ति । ये दूरदर्शनकार्यक्रमाः प्रदर्श्यन्ते तेषु उत्तमाः विरलाः इति जनानाम् अभिप्रायः अस्ति । धारावाहिन्यः कथाः नीरसाः भवन्ति इति, वार्ताप्रसारे बहुधा पक्षपातः प्रदर्श्यते इति, शैक्षणिककार्यक्रमाणां स्तरः न्यूनः इति च जनाः आक्षेपं कुर्वन्ति। जनानाम् अभिप्रायभेदः यः कोऽपि स्यात् नाम, दूरदर्शनं ज्ञानवर्धने उपकारकम् इत्यत्र तु नास्ति सन्देहः ।
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